Laser Vision Correction
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LASIK or Laser in-Situ Keratomileusis treats nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism by removing corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea. This procedure combines the accuracy of the Excimer laser with the benefits of Lamellar Keratoplasty (LK). LK has been performed since 1949 to correct higher levels of nearsightedness and moderate amounts of farsightedness. More recently, LK was refined by technological advancements of an instrument called a "microkeratome" that allows the surgeon to fold back a thin layer of cornea. To treat nearsightedness, a second pass of the microkeratome was required to remove corneal tissue from the inner cornea. However, the quality and accuracy of this second pass could not always be achieved.

With LASIK, instead of making a second pass with the microkeratome (as in LK), the Excimer laser removes the proper amount of corneal tissue with much greater accuracy. The number of pulses and the size and shape of the laser beam control how much tissue removed. The corneal tissue is then folded back into its original position where it bonds after only a few minutes of drying. No stitches or eye patches are required after the procedure.

Since only the edge around the corneal flap needs to heal, visual recovery is rapid and patients report little or no postoperative pain. Additionally, there may be less risk of scarring or developing corneal haze. There is also less need for postoperative medications with LASIK than PRK. LASIK treats low to very high levels of refractive errors. However, because of the microkeratome, LASIK carries additional surgical risks.

PRK
PRK or Photo-Refractive Keratectomy treats refractive errors by removing tissue from the surface of the cornea. First, the eye is numbed using a topical, or eye drop anesthesia. Then, the surgeon removes the epithelium, a thin layer of protective skin that covers the cornea. This may be done with either a blade, a brush or even the Excimer laser. During the actual procedure, the patient stares at a fixation light. In less than a minute, the laser removes the proper amount of tissue while it reshapes the surface of the cornea.

After PRK, the eye is patched until the following morning. Because the epithelium was removed, patients may experience blurry vision for three to five days and a low to moderate amount of discomfort until the epithelium heals and covers the treated area. Eye drops, narcotics and a contact lens are effective in reducing this postoperative discomfort. Final visual results may be fully realized anywhere from several days to a few months as the surface heals in accordance with each individual's healing tendencies.

PRK is most often used to treat low to moderate amounts of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism.

WHO IS A CANDIDATE?
In general, the ideal patient has a healthy cornea, and must not have had a significant increase in their eye glasses prescription in the last year. People with certain medical conditions or pregnant women may not be good candidates.

For more information, contact a physician.